Saladin
In 1191 Saladin, a Kurdish Muslim and the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria, attacked the forces of Richard the Lionheart who was leading the third Crusade to try and capture Jerusalem.
The Battle of Arsuf ensued.
In the furious heat of battle, Richard lost his horse. Saladin sent him two replacements.
The Treaty of Ramla, the following year, left Jerusalem in Muslim hands but open to Christian pilgrimages.
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